Vol. 23 No. 1 (2026)

Multifunctional nanocomposites are developing to be productive in the co-delivery of proteins, genes and drugs due to their unique structures and properties, which holds great promise for intervening in biological processes at the cellular and molecular levels. Therefore, this thesis is based sson the application issues of drug and gene co-delivery systems, and from the application requirements, multifunctional nanocomposites CPDs/AuNCs based on carbonized polymer dots and gold nanoclusters were designed and synthesized. The specific properties of the nanomaterials were also investigated through the structural characterization, optical stability, cytotoxicity, and drug loading and releasing. The formation of the CPDs after reacting with the AuNCs The vibration of CPDs/AuNCs nanocomposites disappeared at 3250 cm⁻¹. This transformation could potentially influence how these nanocomposites interact with cell membranes and intracellular components, altering the biomechanical forces at play during cellular uptake and trafficking. The fluorescence intensity of CPDs/AuNCs varied between [81.72,87.74] when the NaCl concentration was elevated from 0 nM to 90 mM. The emission peak of DOX at 420 nm excitation wavelength was located at around 673 nM, whereas the emission peaks of CPDs/AuNCs were located at 647 nm and 693 nm, respectively. The drug release was elevated by about 1.51-fold when the pH was decreased from 7.2 to 5.4. The multifunctional nanocomposites designed by combining CPDs with AuNCs can achieve the co-delivery of drugs and genes, and their strong optical stability also provides a new reference for real-time cell tracking. This research underscores the significance of biomechanics in optimizing cellular interactions with nanomaterials, paving the way for advancements in targeted therapies. By applying biomechanical principles, these nanocomposites can enhance drug delivery efficacy, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes and supporting innovative approaches in personalized medicine.