The modulating effect of exercise on neurobiological mechanisms and its application in mental health: A systematic review
Abstract
This systematic review explores that exercise can increase the levels of neurobiological factors such as BDNF and dopamine, thereby improving mental health such as depression and anxiety, and enhancing the effect of information communication. Utilizing data from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO, the study encompasses research published in English between 2000 and 2022. Inclusion criteria necessitated empirical studies focusing on the impact of exercise on neurobiological mechanisms and mental health outcomes, published in peer-reviewed journals. Two independent reviewers extracted data on study design, sample size, participant characteristics, exercise intervention specifics, neurobiological mechanisms, and mental health outcomes. Both qualitative thematic synthesis and quantitative meta-analysis were employed for data analysis. Mathematical formulas, including effect size calculations, odds ratios, and confidence intervals, quantified the results. The review identified 45 studies, consistently demonstrating positive effects of exercise on neurobiological factors such as BDNF, dopamine, GABA, serotonin, and norepinephrine levels, which are correlated with improvements in mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and stress. Despite some heterogeneity, these findings highlight the potential of exercise as an effective intervention for enhancing mental health through neurobiological modulation.
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