Evaluation of therapeutic response to algorithm assisted improvement of oral mucosa damage in male AIDS patients
Abstract
HIV/AIDS is now the biggest cause of mortality in Africa and the fourth highest cause of death globally. Half or more of HIV-infected individuals and as many as 80% of AIDS patients develop oral lesions. People living with HIV/AIDS may benefit from early testing, diagnosis, and treatment if oral lesions are detected, as they are the initial clinical characteristics of the infection and strong indicators of immunodeficiency. Oral candidiasis (OPC), oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL), oral Kaposi’s sarcoma (OKS), and HIV-associated periodontal diseases were the subjects of this comprehensive review designed to assess the available data for the management of these and other common oral mucosa damage that are linked to HIV. Further exacerbating the condition are host variables such as xerostomia, smoking, dental caries, oral prosthesis, diabetes, and cancer treatments. A separate portion of this Worldwide Workshop discusses the treatment of salivary gland illness linked with HIV. Oral mucosa injury in AIDS patients does not have a reliable diagnostic approach. Improving the early diagnosis of Oral Mucosa damage in male AIDS patients was the primary goal of this work, which sought to construct an Artificial Intelligence (AI) diagnostic model with high sensitivity. To demonstrate a Gradient Boosting Regression (GBR) based method for assessing the efficacy of treatments for oral mucosa damage in AIDS patients. Both investigation and diagnostic applications may benefit from this predictor. Results show that, compared to existing models, the suggested AI and GBR methods can accurately predict oral mucosa deterioration in AIDS patients. This study significantly contributes to the profession by improving the accuracy of diagnoses and providing useful information for treatment options.
References
1. Zang X, Chen S, Zhang L, et al. Toxic epidermal necrolysis in hepatitis A infection with acute-on-chronic liver failure: Case report and literature review. Frontiers in Medicine. 2022; 9. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2022.964062
2. Workowski KA, Bachmann LH, Chan PA, et al. Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021. MMWR Recommendations and Reports. 2021; 70(4): 1–187. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7004a1
3. Stoopler ET, Villa A, Bindakhil M, et al. Common Oral Conditions: A Review. JAMA. 2024; 331(12): 1045. doi: 10.1001/jama.2024.0953
4. Saag MS, Gandhi RT, Hoy JF, et al. Antiretroviral Drugs for Treatment and Prevention of HIV Infection in Adults. JAMA. 2020; 324(16): 1651. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17025
5. Prajitha C, Sridhar KP, Baskar S. Variance Approximation and Probabilistic Decomposition Noise Removal Framework for Arrhythmia Detection and Classification on Internet of Medical Things Environment. Wireless Personal Communications. 2022; 125(1): 965–985. doi: 10.1007/s11277-022-09585-2
6. Warnakulasuriya S. Oral potentially malignant disorders: A comprehensive review on clinical aspects and management. Oral Oncology. 2020; 102: 104550. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2019.104550
7. Rinesh S, Omar MI, Thamaraiselvi K, et al. Automatic Retinopathic Diabetic Detection: Data Analyses, Approaches and Assessment Measures Using Deep Learning. Handbook of Computational Sciences. 2023: 69–97. doi: 10.1002/9781119763468.ch4
8. Andersen TM, Hov B, Halvorsen T, et al. Upper Airway Assessment and Responses During Mechanically Assisted Cough. Respiratory Care. 2021; 66(7): 1196–1213. doi: 10.4187/respcare.08960
9. Arun M, Barik D, Chandran SSR. Exploration of material recovery framework from waste—A revolutionary move towards clean environment. Chemical Engineering Journal Advances. 2024; 18: 100589. doi: 10.1016/j.ceja.2024.100589
10. Wang Z, Cao H, Xiong J, et al. Recent advances in the aetiology of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS). Postgraduate Medical Journal. 2021; 98(1155): 57–66. doi: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139421
11. Panneerselvam E, Alagesan RCK, Sripathi V, et al. External auditory canal injuries in maxillofacial trauma-Proposal of a symptom-based treatment algorithm with a report of twelve cases. National journal of maxillofacial surgery. 2023; 14(3): 392–398. doi: 10.4103/njms.njms_188_22
12. Soares AC, Pires FR, de Oliveira Quintanilha NR, et al. Oral Lesions as the Primary Manifestations of Behçet’s Disease: The Importance of Interdisciplinary Diagnostics—A Case Report. Biomedicines. 2023; 11(7): 1882. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11071882
13. Fernandes DCR, Andreyev HJN. Gastrointestinal Toxicity of Pelvic Radiotherapy: Are We Letting Women Down? Clinical Oncology. 2021; 33(9): 591–601. doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.04.009
14. Bartold PM, Ivanovski S. P4 Medicine as a model for precision periodontal care. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2022; 26(9): 5517–5533. doi: 10.1007/s00784-022-04469-y
15. Vorobev V, Beloborodov V, Seminskiy I, et al. Buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty of the bulbomembranous part of urethra. Central European Journal of Urology. 2020; 73(2): 199.
16. Julian RS, Woo BM, Rabey EC. Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancer: Etiology, Diagnosis and Staging. Journal of the California Dental Association. 2021; 49(3): 163–170. doi: 10.1080/19424396.2021.12222685
17. Gouvas N, Gourtsoyianni S. Hellenic society of medical oncology (HESMO) guidelines for the management of anal cancer. Updates in Surgery. 2020; 73(1): 7–21. doi: 10.1007/s13304-020-00923-2
18. Knochelmann HM, Horton JD, Liu S, et al. Neoadjuvant presurgical PD-1 inhibition in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Reports Medicine. 2021; 2(10): 100426. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100426
19. Narayanan D, Rogge M. Cheilitis: A Diagnostic Algorithm and Review of Underlying Etiologies. Dermatitis®. 2024. doi: 10.1089/derm.2023.0276
20. Glick M, Greenberg MS, Lockhart PB, et al. Introduction to Oral Medicine and Oral Diagnosis. Burket’s Oral Medicine. 2021: 1–18. doi: 10.1002/9781119597797.ch1
21. Schneider BJ, Naidoo J, Santomasso BD, et al. Management of Immune-Related Adverse Events in Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy: ASCO Guideline Update. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 2021; 39(36): 4073–4126. doi: 10.1200/jco.21.01440
22. Tang L, Chen Y, Chen C, et al. The Chinese Society of Clinical Oncology (CSCO) clinical guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Communications. 2021; 41(11): 1195–1227. doi: 10.1002/cac2.12218
23. Imahashi M, Ode H, Kobayashi A, et al. Impact of long-term antiretroviral therapy on gut and oral microbiotas in HIV-1-infected patients. Scientific Reports. 2021; 11(1). doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-80247-8
24. Silva-Boghossian CM, Boscardini BAB, Pereira CM, et al. Evaluation of oral care protocols practice by dentists in Rio de Janeiro towards HIV/AIDS individuals. BMC Oral Health. 2020; 20(1). doi: 10.1186/s12903-020-0999-7
25. Saito H, Watanabe Y, Sato K, et al. Effects of professional oral health care on reducing the risk of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2014; 22(11): 2935–2940. doi: 10.1007/s00520-014-2282-4.
26. Predict HIV Progression. Available online: https://www.kaggle.com/c/hivprogression (accessed on 2 August 2010).
Copyright (c) 2024 Zhaolin Zhang, Shufeng Zhang, Jing Zhang, Lijun Wang
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright on all articles published in this journal is retained by the author(s), while the author(s) grant the publisher as the original publisher to publish the article.
Articles published in this journal are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, which means they can be shared, adapted and distributed provided that the original published version is cited.