Funeral feast in Hong Kong: A vanishing and transforming unattended rite
Abstract
The Hong Kong Government formally announced the first intangible cultural heritage (ICH) inventory of 480 items on 17 June 2014. “Traditional Funeral Rites” is included in the category of “social practices, rituals, and festival events” with the inventory code of 3.54. The consolation feast (Gaai Wai Zau) and the funerary feast when the mourning period is over (Ying Hung Feast) are mentioned but with limited elaboration. This paper examines the significance and evolving nature of funeral feasts in modern Hong Kong Chinese, which covers over 90% of the population. Despite the erosion of traditional rituals due to urbanization and the fast-paced lifestyle, the funeral feast, particularly the Ying Hung Feast or “纓紅宴,” remains a common practice for community dialogue during funerals. The study explores the social and psychological functions of funeral feasts in different cultural contexts, emphasizing their role in fostering connections with the deceased and the living, as well as the religious symbolism associated with specific dishes. It also investigates the impact of commercialization and homogenization on funeral practices, considering government policies and private sector influence. In Hong Kong, where efficiency-driven tensions prevail, funeral customs have been standardized and streamlined. Cremation has become more prevalent, and most funeral ceremonies are completed within a two-day timeframe. However, the funeral feast continues to play a vital role, mediating social relationships within families, faith communities and the wider community. By examining funeral feasts in the context of modern Hong Kong, this study sheds light on the changing dynamics of funeral rituals in response to urbanization. It highlights the unique cultural blend of East and West in Hong Kong, resulting in the emergence of “ritual buffets” where individuals can personalize their rituals while respecting the beliefs and practices of others. It conveys the idea of customization and personalization within the context of communal gathering. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the social functionality and meaning of funeral feasts in contemporary Hong Kong society, emphasizing their continued relevance even as funeral customs undergo transformation in the face of modern urban life.
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