Resources management and execution mechanisms for thinking operating system
Abstract
To achieve interpretable machine intelligence surpassing human cognitive levels and realize the ultimate objective of co-evolutionary human-computer interactions, this article analyzed various related aspects such as the human-computer interaction process, knowledge base construction, visual programming tool development, and thinking operating system design. This article proposed a method for simulating human thinking processes by computer: Firstly, it clarified the route by starting from the “teaching and learning” mode, which was the human-computer interaction computing mode, enabling the gradual accumulation of knowledge and data, and established the thinking knowledge base. Secondly, it established human thinking simulation mechanisms on the thinking operation system, including state perception, common sense judgment, error rollback, static logic structure analysis for the programs, and dynamic execution path analysis. Thirdly, it discussed the computer implementation methods of the thinking operation system and applications in detail, using mechanisms such as autonomous enumeration and rule induction of input data features, common sense judgment rollback, automatic error self-healing, online self-programming, and system adaptation (generalized pattern matching); all the above mechanisms were commonly used in human thinking. Finally, it summarized the whole article, and the future research directions were proposed by the authors.
References
1. Wang Y. Research and Application of Machine Learning Algorithm in Natural Language Processing and Semantic Understanding. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Telecommunications and Power Electronics (TELEPE); 2024. doi: 10.1109/telepe64216.2024.00123
2. Khummongkol R, Yokota M. Proposal of Human-like Spatiotemporal Language Understanding Based on Mental Image Model for Language-centered Human-Robot Interaction. In: Proceedings of the 2023 Joint International Conference on Digital Arts, Media and Technology with ECTI Northern Section Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Computer and Telecommunications Engineering (ECTI DAMT & NCON); 2023. doi: 10.1109/ectidamtncon57770.2023.10139743
3. Goswami K, Dutta S, Assem H. Mufin: Enriching Semantic Understanding of Sentence Embedding using Dual Tune Framework. In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (Big Data); 2021. doi: 10.1109/bigdata52589.2021.9671614
4. Arisoy E, Saraclar M, Roark B, et al. Syntactic and sub-lexical features for Turkish discriminative language models. In: Proceedings of the 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing; 2010. doi: 10.1109/icassp.2010.5495226
5. Sun L, Yan H. Feature Fusion Transformer Network for Natural Language Inference. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA); 2022. doi: 10.1109/icma54519.2022.9856400
6. Kuhrmann M, Tell P, Hebig R, et al. What Makes Agile Software Development Agile?. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering. 2022; 48(9): 3523-3539. doi: 10.1109/tse.2021.3099532
7. Lontsikh PA, Gulov AE, Livshitz II, et al. System-oriented Analysis and Classification of Process Control Methods for Software Development. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies (IT&QM&IS); 2021. doi: 10.1109/itqmis53292.2021.9642850
8. Faruk MJH, Subramanian S, Shahriar H, et al. Software Engineering Process and Methodology in Blockchain-Oriented Software Development: A Systematic Study. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE/ACIS 20th International Conference on Software Engineering Research, Management and Applications (SERA); 2022. doi: 10.1109/sera54885.2022.9806817
9. Kim J, Kim J, Jo H, et al. Multiple Domains Knowledge Graph Search via Heuristic Algorithm for Answering Complex Questions. In: Proceedings of the 2021 10th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI); 2021. doi: 10.1109/iiai-aai53430.2021.00080
10. Gou X, Zhou P, Yang H, et al. Identifying Influential Nodes in Complex System from Multiscale Complex Network Perspective. In: Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C); 2023. doi: 10.1109/qrs-c60940.2023.00051
11. Rique T, Dantas E, Perkusich M, et al. Empirically Derived Use Cases for Software Analytics. In: Proceedings of the 2022 International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM); 2022. doi: 10.23919/softcom55329.2022.9911514
12. Shadab N, Cody T, Salado A, et al. Closed Systems Paradigm for Intelligent Systems. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE International Systems Conference (SysCon); 2022. doi: 10.1109/syscon53536.2022.9773829
13. Yuan L, Li T, Tong S, et al. Broad Learning System Approximation-Based Adaptive Optimal Control for Unknown Discrete-Time Nonlinear Systems. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems; 2022. doi: 10.1109/tsmc.2021.3113357
14. Tendle A, Little A, Scott S, et al. Self-Supervised Learning in the Twilight of Noisy Real-World Datasets. In: Proceedings of the 2022 21st IEEE International Conference on Machine Learning and Applications (ICMLA); 2022. doi: 10.1109/icmla55696.2022.00074
15. Kimura M, Pereira LK, Kobayashi I. Effective Masked Language Modeling for Temporal Commonsense Reasoning. In: Proceedings of the 2022 Joint 12th International Conference on Soft Computing and Intelligent Systems and 23rd International Symposium on Advanced Intelligent Systems (SCIS&ISIS); 2022. doi: 10.1109/scisisis55246.2022.10002012
16. Khlaisamniang P, Khomduean P, Saetan K, et al. Generative AI for Self-Healing Systems. In: Proceedings of the 2023 18th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI-NLP); 2023. doi: 10.1109/isai-nlp60301.2023.10354608
17. Iman M, Rasheed K, Arabnia HR. EXPANSE, A Continual Deep Learning System; Research Proposal. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI); 2021. doi: 10.1109/csci54926.2021.00103
18. Msayi M, Salamntu LTP. Understanding the Benefits of Deep Learning in Drug Discovery: A Scoping Review. In: Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Information Communications Technology and Society (ICTAS); 2024. doi: 10.1109/ictas59620.2024.10507136
19. Kapoor D, Gupta D, Uppal M. A Scientometric Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques. In: Proceedings of the 2024 7th International Conference on Circuit Power and Computing Technologies (ICCPCT); 2024. doi: 10.1109/iccpct61902.2024.10673003
20. Örpek Z, Tural B, Destan Z. The Language Model Revolution: LLM and SLM Analysis. 2024 8th International Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing Symposium (IDAP). 2024; 3: 1-4. doi: 10.1109/idap64064.2024.10710677
21. Arulmohan S, Meurs MJ, Mosser S. Extracting Domain Models from Textual Requirements in the Era of Large Language Models. In: Proceedings of the 2023 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems Companion (MODELS-C); 2023. doi: 10.1109/models-c59198.2023.00096
22. Kobayashi A, Yamaguchi S. Extraction of Subjective Information from Large Language Models. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 48th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC); 2024. doi: 10.1109/compsac61105.2024.00253
23. Amin MM, Cambria E, Schuller BW. Will Affective Computing Emerge From Foundation Models and General Artificial Intelligence? A First Evaluation of ChatGPT. IEEE Intelligent Systems. 2023; 38(2): 15-23. doi: 10.1109/mis.2023.3254179
24. Kaswan KS, Dhatterwal JS, Batra R, et al. ChatGPT: A Comprehensive Review of a Large Language Model. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International Conference on Communication, Security and Artificial Intelligence (ICCSAI); 2023. doi: 10.1109/iccsai59793.2023.10421090
25. Banimelhem O, Al-khateeb B. Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Drones: A Brief Review. In: Proceedings of the 2023 14th International Conference on Information and Communication Systems (ICICS); 2023. doi: 10.1109/icics60529.2023.10330543
26. Valina L, Teixeira B, Reis A, et al. Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Deep Synthetic Data Generation Models. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence (CAI); 2024. doi: 10.1109/cai59869.2024.00109
27. Shevskaya NV. Explainable Artificial Intelligence Approaches: Challenges and Perspectives. In: Proceedings of the 2021 International Conference on Quality Management, Transport and Information Security, Information Technologies (IT&QM&IS); 2021. doi: 10.1109/itqmis53292.2021.9642869
28. Zhou L, Rao G. Chinese Stylistic Competence: Evaluation Method and Datasets of Large Language Model’s Performance. 2023 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP). Published online November 18, 2023: 271-277. doi: 10.1109/ialp61005.2023.10337306
29. Tong S, Liu Z, Zhai Y, et al. Eyes Wide Shut? Exploring the Visual Shortcomings of Multimodal LLMs. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2024. doi: 10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.00914
30. Zhong S, Huang Z, Gao S, et al. Let’s Think Outside the Box: Exploring Leap-of-Thought in Large Language Models with Creative Humor Generation. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE/CVF Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR); 2024. doi: 10.1109/cvpr52733.2024.01258
31. Hang CN, Wei TC, Yu PD. MCQGen: A Large Language Model-Driven MCQ Generator for Personalized Learning. IEEE Access. 2024; 12: 102261-102273. doi: 10.1109/access.2024.3420709
32. Zhang H, Wang L, Shao H, et al. Large Model Fine-Tuning Method Based on Pre-Cognitive Inductive Reasoning—PCIR. In: Proceedings of the 2024 5th International Seminar on Artificial Intelligence, Networking and Information Technology (AINIT); 2024. doi: 10.1109/ainit61980.2024.10581497
33. Sasaki R. AI and Security—What Changes with Generative AI. In: Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Software Quality, Reliability, and Security Companion (QRS-C); 2023. doi: 10.1109/qrs-c60940.2023.00043
34. Huang T, You L, Cai N, et al. Large Language Model Firewall for AIGC Protection with Intelligent Detection Policy. In: Proceedings of the 2024 2nd International Conference On Mobile Internet, Cloud Computing and Information Security (MICCIS); 2024. doi: 10.1109/miccis63508.2024.00047
35. Liang BS. AI Computing in Large-Scale Era: Pre-trillion-scale Neural Network Models and Exa-scale Supercomputing. In: Proceedings of the 2023 International VLSI Symposium on Technology, Systems and Applications (VLSI-TSA/VLSI-DAT); 2023. doi: 10.1109/vlsi-tsa/vlsi-dat57221.2023.10134466
36. Tao Y, Wu C, Li J, et al. Research on Frontier Issues of New Generation Artificial Intelligence. In: Proceedings of the 2020 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Electronic Information and Communication Technology (ICEICT); 2020. doi: 10.1109/iceict51264.2020.9334257
37. Nazar M, Alam MM, Yafi E, et al. A Systematic Review of Human–Computer Interaction and Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare With Artificial Intelligence Techniques. IEEE Access. 2021; 9: 153316-153348. doi: 10.1109/access.2021.3127881
38. Phalake V, Joshi S, Rade K, et al. Modernized Application Development Using Optimized Low Code Platform. In: Proceedings of the 2022 2nd Asian Conference on Innovation in Technology (ASIANCON); 2022. doi: 10.1109/asiancon55314.2022.9908726
39. Wen X, Hu L. The research of C language programming intelligent scoring technology based on the semantic similarity. In: Proceedings of the 2012 2nd International Conference on Consumer Electronics, Communications and Networks (CECNet); 2012. doi: 10.1109/cecnet.2012.6202278
40. Jafari SM, Yildirim S, Cevik M, et al. Anaphoric Ambiguity Resolution in Software Requirement Texts. In: Proceedings of the 2023 IEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData); 2023. doi: 10.1109/bigdata59044.2023.10386192
41. Ni B, Lo LY, Leung KS. A generalized sequence pattern matching algorithm using complementary dual-seeding. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedicine (BIBM); 2010.
42. Zhu P. Thinking Machine. Nova science publisher; 2024. doi: 10.52305/bqgy1221
43. Jayakody R, Dias G. Performance of Recent Large Language Models for a Low-Resourced Language. In: Proceedings of the 2024 International Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP); 2024. doi: 10.1109/ialp63756.2024.10661169
44. Alam YS. Lexical-semantic representation of the lexicon for word sense disambiguation and text understanding. In: Proceedings of 2009 IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing; 2009.
45. Zhu P, Lv P, Shi J, et al. Semantic Inheritance and Overloading. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Software Engineering and Artificial Intelligence (SEAI); 2022. doi: 10.1109/seai55746.2022.9832076
46. Song W, Zhang G. Creative Thinking Stimulates Innovation Design of CAM Mechanism. In: Proceedings of the 2023 16th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Design (ISCID); 2023. doi: 10.1109/iscid59865.2023.00020
47. Tarek A, Alveed A, Farhan A. A Proof Theoretic Exploration of Mathematical Induction in Computational Paradigm. In: Proceedings of the 2023 Congress in Computer Science, Computer Engineering, & Applied Computing (CSCE); 2023. doi: 10.1109/csce60160.2023.00162
48. Mei Y, Ge Y, Zhang Y, et al. Research on Drilling and Completion Design Knowledge Base System based on Knowledge Map. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Electronic Technology, Communication and Information (ICETCI); 2022. doi: 10.1109/icetci55101.2022.9832121
49. Pengna P, Leelasantitham A, Sukamongkol Y. A Low-Code Platform of Carbon Credit Trading Using Blockchain Technology: A Case Study in Nakhon Si Thammarat Province. In: Proceedings of the 2024 5th Technology Innovation Management and Engineering Science International Conference (TIMES-iCON); 2024. doi: 10.1109/times-icon61890.2024.10630773
50. Dolatabadi SH, Gatial E, Budinská I, et al. Integrating Human-Computer Interaction Principles in User-Centered Dashboard Design: Insights from Maintenance Management. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE 28th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES); 2024. doi: 10.1109/ines63318.2024.10629098
51. Asakawa K, Tanaka T. Visual Programming Environment for Learning Functional Programming Using Unit Test. In: Proceedings of the 2022 12th International Congress on Advanced Applied Informatics (IIAI-AAI); 2022. doi: 10.1109/iiaiaai55812.2022.00051
52. Hourani H, Wasmi H, Alrawashdeh T. A Code Complexity Model of Object Oriented Programming (OOP). In: Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Jordan International Joint Conference on Electrical Engineering and Information Technology (JEEIT); 2019. doi: 10.1109/jeeit.2019.8717448
53. Kiczales G, Theimer M, Welch B. A new model of abstraction for operating system design. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Object Orientation in Operating Systems; 1992.
54. Marron M. A new generation of intelligent development environments. In: Proceedings of 2024 IEEE/ACM First IDE Workshop (IDE); 2024.
55. Xian C, Fu M. Towards a Taxonomy of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) Methods Based on a Survey of Recent HCI Researches. In: Proceedings of the 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Power, Electronics and Computer Applications (ICPECA); 2022. doi: 10.1109/icpeca53709.2022.9718950
56. Piva FJ, de Geus D, Dubbelman G. Empirical generalization study: Unsupervised domain adaptation vs. domain generalization methods for semantic segmentation in the wild. In: Proceedings of 2023 IEEE/CVF Winter Conference on Applications of Computer Vision (WACV); 2023.
57. Yang C, Huang R, Yu X, et al. Math Word Problem Solver Based on Text-to-Text Transformer Model. In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology & Education (TALE); 2021. doi: 10.1109/tale52509.2021.9678686
58. Meng H, Yang T, Yu X. A Bi-Channel Math Word Problem Solver With Understanding and Reasoning. In: Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE International Conference on Engineering, Technology & Education (TALE); 2021. doi: 10.1109/tale52509.2021.9678542
59. Gandhi J, Gandhi P, Gosar A, et al. Natural Language Processing based Math Word Problem Solver and Synoptic Generator. In: Proceedings of the 2022 3rd International Conference on Electronics and Sustainable Communication Systems (ICESC); 2022. doi: 10.1109/icesc54411.2022.9885451
60. Mandal S, Naskar SK. Classifying and Solving Arithmetic Math Word Problems—An Intelligent Math Solver. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies. 2021; 14(1): 28-41. doi: 10.1109/tlt.2021.3057805
61. Sepulveda F, Fan Y, Gabbianelli C, et al. Using ACT-R Architecture in the Design of Intelligent Tutoring Systems for VR Training of Manufacturing Skills. In: Proceedings of the 2024 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality Adjunct (ISMAR-Adjunct); 2024. doi: 10.1109/ismar-adjunct64951.2024.00028
62. Kim B, Lee J. Analysis of Enumeration Strategy Use in the ACT-R Cognitive Architecture. In: Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC 2007); 2007. doi: 10.1109/icnc.2007.235
63. Khandan H, Lucas C. Implementing an XML based Unified Knowledge Manipulation Languages for SOAR cognitive architecture. In: Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE Conference on Cybernetics and Intelligent Systems; 2008. doi: 10.1109/iccis.2008.4670859
64. Zhu P, Lv B, Zou W, et al. Construction of super large interpretable machine intelligence system. Computer technology and development. 2024; 34(11): 172-179. doi: 10.20165/j.cnki.ISSN1673-629X.2024.0232
Copyright (c) 2025 Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.